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Nutrição em Ultra-Endurance

Estado da Arte

Nutrição em Ultra-Endurance: Estado da Arte


Autores

  • Pantelis T Nikolaidis Laboratory of Exercise Testing, Hellenic Air Force Academy, Greece; Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Greece
  • Eleftherios Veniamakis Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Technological Educational Institute, Sitia, Greece
  • Thomas Rosemann Institute of General Practice and for Health Services Research, University of Zurich, Switzerland
  • Beat Knechtle Institute of General Practice and for Health Services Research, University of Zurich, Switzerland; Medbase St. Gallen Am Vadianplatz, Switzerland

Palavras-chave:

Natação, Ciclismo, Sobrecarga, Hiponatremia Associada Ao Exercício, Inchaço Dos Membros, Ultramaratona, águas abertas

Resumo

Os atletas que competem em desportos de ultra-resistência devem gerir as questões nutricionais, especialmente no que diz respeito ao equilíbrio energético e hídrico. Uma prova de ultra-resistência, considerando duração de pelo menos 6 horas, pode induzir o balanço energético (ou seja, déficit energético) em níveis que podem atingir até ~7.000 kcal por dia. Esse balanço energético negativo é uma grande preocupação para a saúde e o desempenho, pois leva a uma diminuição da massa gorda e muscular esquelética em eventos como 24 horas de natação, 6 dias de ciclismo ou corrida de 17 dias. A anemia esportiva causada por exercícios intensos e desconforto gastrointestinal, sob condições ambientais quentes ou frias, também precisa ser considerada como um fator importante para a saúde e o desempenho em esportes de ultra-resistência. Além disso, as perdas de líquidos pelo suor podem atingir até 2 L/h devido ao aumento do trabalho metabólico durante exercícios prolongados e exercícios em ambientes quentes que podem resultar em hipohidratação. Os atletas correm um risco aumentado de hiponatremia associada ao exercício (HAE) e inchaço dos membros quando a ingestão de líquidos é maior do que o volume perdido. As estratégias nutricionais pré-prova ideais devem ter como objetivo aumentar a utilização de gordura durante o exercício, e o consumo de alimentos ricos em gordura pode ser considerado durante a prova, bem como carboidratos, eletrólitos e líquidos. Além disso, para reduzir o risco de HAE, a ingestão de líquidos deve incluir sódio em quantidades de 10 a 25 mmol para reduzir o risco de HAE e deve ser limitada a 300 a 600 mL por hora de prova.

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Article adapted and translated into Portuguese by the editors of NADAR! SWIMMING MAGAZINE for republication, in accordance with the periodical's submission rules. Original version at: https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/10/12/1995 ORIGINAL AND ADAPTATION LICENSE: © 2018 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

Publicado

2024-08-30

Como Citar

1.
Nikolaidis PT, Veniamakis E, Rosemann T, Knechtle B. Nutrição em Ultra-Endurance: Estado da Arte. Nadar! Swim Mag [Internet]. 30º de agosto de 2024 [citado 5º de dezembro de 2024];4(167):e167-93. Disponível em: https://www.revistanadar.com.br/index.php/Swimming-Magazine/article/view/93

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